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Turkey Overview

27.12.2018

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Basic Characteristics of Education System

The Ministry of National Education (MoNE) conducts educational activities on a central level in the Republic of Turkey.

Each level of education is made up of Pre-School, Primary and Lower Secondary, Upper Secondary and Higher Education.

The first stage is a 4-year primary school (1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th grade), the second stage is a 4-year lower secondary school (5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade) and third-tier, four-year is a upper secondary school (9th, 10th, 11th and 12th grade). In addition, early childhood education is also compulsory along with the primary and secondary education for the individuals who are in need of special education.

Stages of the education system

ISCED 0

Early Childhood Education in our country covers the Nursery and Day Care Centres for children of 0-36 months, which operates under the auspices of the General Directorate of Children Services of the Ministry of Family and Social Policies. In addition, there are early childhood educational centres in special education kindergartens, which operate under the auspices of the General Directorate of the Special Education and Guidance Services for 0-36-month-old children who are in need of special education.

Preschool education is carried out in kindergartens opened for 36-66 months of children and nursery schools for 48-66 months of children within formal and non-formal education, which is under the responsibility of the General Directorate of Basic Education. In addition, there are early childhood educational centres in special education kindergartens, which operate under the auspices of the General Directorate of the Special Education and Guidance Services for 37-66-month-old children who are in need of special education.

ISCED 1

Primary school education covers children of 66 months and 10 year-old and is the responsibility of the General Directorate of Basic Education, the Ministry of National Education. In addition, early childhood education is also compulsory along with the primary and secondary education for the students who are in need of special education.

ISCED 2

Secondary education, namely religious school and secondary school, covers children of 10 to 14 years old. The actions of the General Directorate of Basic Education and Secondary Education and religious secondary schools are carried out under the responsibility of the General Directorate of Religious Education in the Ministry. In addition, early childhood education is also compulsory along with the primary and secondary education for the students who are in need of special education.

ISCED 3

Upper Secondary Education covers Anatolian High School, Science High School, School of Fine Arts, Sports High School, School of Social Sciences, the Anatolian Religious High Schools and High Schools conducting vocational and technical programs. Such training is aimed at children aged 14 to 18 years and at those who are above 18 in Vocational Education Centres and it is the responsibility of General Directorate of Secondary Education, the General Directorate of Vocational and Technical Education and General Directorate of Religious Education. Furthermore, schools conducting special training programs for the training of persons with disabilities and special educational institutions are under the responsibility of the General Directorate of Secondary and High School Level and Special Education and Guidance Services.

In addition, the education of the individuals with special needs are carried out at Special Vocational Education Centres, Special Education Practicum Centres and at Special Education Vocational Upper Secondary Schools, all of which are run by General Directorate of the Special Education and Guidance Services of the Ministry of National Education.

ISCED 5, ISCED 6, ISCED 7

Higher education includes individuals over the age of 17 and is made up of state and foundation universities. Higher Education in Turkey constitutes associate, bachelors, masters and doctoral programs, provided by the tertiary education institutions. The Council of Higher Education is responsible for the regulation of all activities related to higher education.

While Eurypedia provides comprehensive and comparable information on the Turkish education system, further information may also be found on the websites of the Ministry of National Education as well as Eurydice Turkish Unit.